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For example, while Jiren et al., Lam et al., and Bryant and Thompson all examine both issues of governance and networks of actors, Jiren et al., take a new institutionalist lens with interviews and policy analysis, Lam et al. Your bank account is a stock of money that helps you withstand volatility in your income and expenses. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631289019003001, Steinberger JK, Lamb WF, Sakai M (2020) Your money or your life? In 1999, Donella Meadows proposed Sustain Sci. Local inhabitants complain about the water level getting low, pollution getting higher, and the potential effect of hot water release in the lake on life (in particular, the fish). How can these leverage points help you develop top-knotch systems in the systems thinking model? How does that intervention influence and work in connected or nested systems? These normative questions of whose system framing counts becomes an important question to ask in leverage points research. Leverage points are important for when you have to change your system. Ambio 46(1):3039. But its often easier to simply reduce the growth rate of the reinforcing feedback loop, to keep it more manageable. Gain around driving positive feedback loops, 6. PDF Leverage Points for Focus Flow and Communitas - Chalmers In doing so, we produce nine guiding questions to shape the research and practice of leverage points for sustainability transformation. These paradigms govern how we set up rules around property ownership, how we set up systems for social welfare, and how we reward system actors that produce growth. Energy Res Soc Sci 70:101724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101724, Fischer J, Riechers M (2019) A leverage points perspective on sustainability. For example, the inhabitants are worried the lake fish might die as a consequence of hot water release directly in the lake without any previous cooling off. As we move through the contributions, we highlight a range of guiding questions that help us to navigate a broader framing to dance with systems and engage with leverage points for sustainability transformation. Sustain Sci. Urban futures: Systemic or system changing interventions - ResearchGate (2021), and Bryant and Thomson all point towards collaborative learning as a mechanism for such harnessing (more on this follows). 2020). In this editorial, we have sought to contextualise the 13 varied and diverse contributions that all, in some way, address leverage points for sustainability transformation. Theyre often so deeply ingrained in our minds that we dont consciously articulate themtheres no need to, because we believe everyone else believes them too. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00936-9, Kallis G (2018) Degrowth. Meadows started with the observation that there are levers, or places within a complex system (such as a firm, a city, an economy, a living being, an ecosystem, an ecoregion) where a "small shift in one thing can produce big changes in everything" (compare: constraint in the sense of the theory of constraints). What systems is the focal system nested within (multi-scale systems) or connected to (different system framings)? Double loop learning is a learning process that goes beyond surface level goals, techniques, and responses to target the assumptions and values underlying the system. Julia Leventon. This is similar to the US "Superfund" system, and follows the widely accepted "polluter pays" principle. Donella Meadows leverage points in systems thinking gives these examples: Therefore, the author argues that any technology or system isnt inherently good or bad. The first delay will prevent the water being cleaned up within the first 5 years, while the second delay will make it impossible to build a plant with exactly the right capacity. A leverage points perspective focuses on places to intervene in complex systems to bring about transformative change. The presented approaches bridge or dissolve the gap between practitioner and researcher (e.g., Birney) and further extend framings of transdisciplinarity by celebrating and harnessing the sense of becoming part of the system, rather than rejecting this system in search of a mythical objectivity (see e.g., Pereira et al. This capacity of part of the system to participate in its own eco-evolution is a major leverage for change. A personal process of reflexivity and reflection pushes us to consider the assumptions and biases we introduce to the way we choose to frame our focus system, or the lens we engage with. 2007). How a new economic paradigm and sustainability transformations go hand in hand / Maja Gpel. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Guide To Donella Meadows 12 Leverage Points. By Donella Meadows~ Folks who do systems analysis have a great belief in "leverage points." These am lanes into a complex system (a corporation, an saving, a living body, a city, an ecosystem) where an slight relay in one thing can produce big changes int everything. Self-organization describes a system's ability to change itself by creating new structures, adding new negative and positive feedback loops, promoting new information flows, or making new rules. Stocks, then, are accumulations, or integrals, of flows.. Remember the car lot, where reducing delays actually worsened the oscillations. Sustain Sci. In a system, decisions and well-functioning feedback loops often require information. There have long been calls for a move away from neoliberal paradigms, rather than just adjusting policies and or resource allocation within our existing economy (Gpel 2016); for degrowth, rather than a continued pursuit of increasing GDP (Kallis 2018); and for recognizing that continued growth is not linked to increasing human well-being (Steinberger et al. However, we believe this collection of papers, when seen as a collection, highlights a much broader, more pluralistic framing of leverage points that helps us to dance with the systems in which we wish to see positive, transformative change. Thus, the interventions presented are similarly specific to the system in question, but we can start to see ways to navigate their impact across scales and systems. Science (New York). On one hand, you can improve a systems resilience by enabling self-organization. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00657-0, Ives CD, Freeth R, Fischer J (2020) Inside-out sustainability: the neglect of inner worlds. Parameters are numbers described in the system. In this regard, we can see that, for example, the focal systems of Schlaile et al. They offer an approach (modal aspects) to explore these issues. Within these framings, boundary objects serve to bridge worldviews, and provide objects that bring us together to find common language and perspectives. Sustain Sci. These views are incompatible, but perhaps another viewpoint could incorporate them both, along with others. Correspondence to The Academy occasionally sends E-newsletters with updates on the work of our fellows, the Donella Meadows Project and more. This can change the behavior of the system: As weve seen, delays in feedback loops tend to cause oscillations. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.13, Fischer J, Manning AD, Steffen W, Rose DB, Daniell K, Felton A et al (2007) Mind the sustainability gap. A system is a group of interacting, interrelated, and . Donella Meadows Leverage points in a system are places to intervene in a system. (PDF) A leverage points perspective on sustainability - ResearchGate To this regard, the leverage points framework gives us a common anchor point, or boundary object to think across these different disciplinary perspectives (c.f. Drawing on seminal work by the late Donella Meadows, we propose a leverage points perspective as a hitherto underrecognized heuristic and practical tool for sustainability science. Analysis reveals the transformative potential of Holistic Management (HM), a systems-based rotational grazing method. For example, the inhabitants are worried about their lake getting polluted, as the industry releases chemical pollutants directly in the water without any previous treatment. For example Jiren et al., touch on the issue of how formal and informal institutions differently characterise a system and interventions. They cannot benefit from "doing damage more slowly" -- only from actually helping. However, Donella Meadows cautions that these "magical leverage points are not easily accessible, even if we know where they are and which directions to push them." . 3. Sustain Sci 14(2):529541. Indeed, dancing with systems means that we need to be able to respond to changing situations andembrace emerging system dynamics. A buffer's ability to stabilize a system is important when the stock amount is much higher than the potential amount of inflows or outflows. Double loop learning is a learning process that goes beyond surface level goals, techniques, and responses to target the assumptions and values underlying the system. Overall, the papers in this issue demonstrate the way in which systems can be framed, that framings are normative, and that different framings and scales are connected, nested and interacting. A systems rules define its boundaries. The basic premise is that greater change is created by pushing on the deeper system properties, such as the rules or the paradigms that shape the system, in comparison to shallower properties such as material flows or reward structures. For example, a monthly public report of water pollution level, especially nearby the industrial release, could have a lot of effect on people's opinions regarding the industry, and lead to changes in the waste water level of pollution. We have a copy of the iceberg model hanging in our office. For example, a strengthening of the law related to chemicals release limits, or an increase of the tax amount for any water containing a given pollutant, will have a very strong effect on the lake water quality. This simulation from Climate Interactive is an excellent way to familiarize yourself with the theorem while simultaneously learning about the relationship between carbon emissions and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Systems thinking and 'leverage points' provide a conceptual toolkit for understandingwool production as a complex system. For example, climate parameters may not be changed easily (the amount of rain, the evapotranspiration rate, the temperature of the water), but they are the ones people think of first (they remember that in their youth, it was certainly raining more). Cuppen et al. Methodology; Open Access; Published: 07 March 2022; The Public Health 12 framework: interpreting the 'Meadows 12 places to act in a system' for use in public health. . Abstract. Soc Stud Sci 19(3):387420. Meadows, who worked in the field of systems analysis, proposed a scale of places to intervene in a system. How can these leverage points help you develop top-knotch systems in the systems thinking model? We also see from this collection that fulfilling this promise of leverage points demands a reflexive and reflective research practice. Yet the national debt continues growing, regardless of whos in power. The papers cover three broad topics: (1) the use of a leverage points lens for systems framings and understandings; (2) how individual interventions can be understood and critiqued from a leverage points perspective; and (3) the implications of a leverage points approach for research practice and action. In this way, a leverage points research practice benefits from identifying and exploring boundary objects. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.04.017, Jiren TS, Riechers M, Bergsten A et al (2021) A leverage points perspective on institutions for food security in a smallholder-dominated landscape in southwestern Ethiopia. Many papers in this collection demonstrate the different scales of systems and their interactions. To let go of paradigms is to be comfortable with not knowing, not having certainty. To get an accurate understanding, you may need to discard your own prior assumptions and paradigms about how the world works. Download this PDF tool to use as a guide for envisioning: a vital first step toward any goal. The leverage point for reinforcing feedback loops is its gain, or its growth rate. The Waters Foundation is dedicated to promoting the use of systems thinking concepts, habits, and tools in K-12 schools. Image courtesy of Don Clark and his OODA and Double-Loop Learning Activity page. Tries to teach you how to view problems not in isolation but as systems - interactions of many variables at. Leverage points for sustainability transformation | SpringerLink Full details of project members and their research are available at https://leveragepoints.org, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences CzechGlobe, Blidla 986/4a, 60300, Brno, Czech Republic, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lneburg, Universittsallee 1, 21335, Lneburg, Germany, You can also search for this author in Drawing on seminal work by the late Donella Meadows, we propose a leverage points perspective as a hitherto under-recognized heuristic and practical tool for sustainability science. It is cheaper and easier to change information flows than it is to change structure. We intend, therefore, that our guiding questions open up exploration across systems and worldviews, and help us to dance with systems. Sign up for a free trial here . And in Lam et al., the individuals create collective network systems, which in turn both implement interventions, and represent interventions in the larger systems that they are part of. As previously explained, vastly complex self-organization can result from a few simple rules: The leverage point is therefore to modify a systems ability to self-organize. Say the plant management has to pay into a water management fund, on a weekly or monthly basis, depending on the actual amount of waste found in the lake; they will, in this case, receive a direct benefit not just from reducing their waste output, but actually reducing it enough to achieve the desired effect of reducing concentrations in the lake. Meadows indicates that in most cases, it is preferable to slow down a positive loop, rather than speeding up a negative one. Davelaar refers to an onion bulb metaphor of systems, instead of the often-cited iceberg metaphor, demonstrating the nested nature of systems, whereby narrow systems (e.g., the individual) are nested with broader systems that influence them. Fluctuations, limitations, and bottlenecks may be easier to address. To this end, our final three guiding questions (questions 79) are key in delivering a leverage points research practice. On the surface, these papers could be seen as having different definitions of the key terms present within a leverage points framework: levers, interventions, leverage points and systems are all framed differently across the papers. Ethics Leverage Points Places to Intervene in a System.pdf The Sustainability Institute, Hartland, Meadows D (2001) Dancing with Systems. Your email address will not be published. Across these topics, we present the papers, and embed them within current critical debate in sustainability science. 2020). These questions of nested and connected systems become particularly pertinent when considering interventions from a leverage points perspective. 2019). (Ironically, the idea that there is no true paradigm is itself a paradigm, and the author finds this hilarious.). Download this file to print out your own! In time, all oxygen-dependent life dies, and the lake becomes a smelly anoxic place where no life can be supported (in particular no fish). For more information about Open Space principles and hot to use them, read this primer or visit openspaceworld.org. Dennis Meadows on the 50th anniversary of the publication of The Limits to Growth, 1993 Nobel Conference: Gustavus Adolphus College, Academy for Systems Change, formerly Donella Meadows Institute, Donella Meadows Leadership Fellows Program, Listen Together for Patterns and Insights. We conclude by highlighting how these guiding questions map out a future trajectory for leverage points research and practice. At the end of the meeting, insights from the many discussions are shared with the entire group. Someone who has more money is more valuable than someone who has less of it. 2019; Proust et al. These two flows of waterthe inflow and the outflowtogether determine the water level and stability of the bathtub. To maintain a constant level, the inflow must equal the outflow. Places to Intervene in a System By Donella H. Meadows (Whole Earth Winter 1997)Folks who do systems analysis have a great belief in "leverage points." These are places within a complex system (a corporation, an economy, a living body, a city, Imagine a nation that suppressed the constitutional right to free speech. Furthermore, the results of your actions are delayedby the time your actions have results, the situation may have changed so that your actions have become inappropriate. Biomimicry is the concept of using natural forms, materials, and processes as models to drive human innovation. How the world, from bathtub faucets to fish populations, can be seen as simple systems, The key system traps that hold back progress, such as escalating arms races and policy addiction, Why seeing the world as systems can give you superpowers in work and life. There is emerging place-based work that seeks to critique system interventions in terms of the points they target, and explore their interactions (Tourangeau and Sherren 2020; Manlosa et al. A greater understanding would help solve global problems such as unemployment, hunger, economic stagnation, pollution, resources depletion, and conservation issues. 2021), a place-based social-ecological system (Schlaile et al. In this paper, we introduce a simulation called Dynamic Stocks and Flows (DSF) that portrays the basic building blocks of dynamic systems: an accumulation; an inflow and outflow determined by an environment; and an inflow and outflow determined by a decision maker. In constructing new highways, roads, and parking lots, urban planners reconfigure how traffic flows the stock-and-flow structure. Below is a more complex example of a stock and flow diagram that illustrates the volume of living wood in a forest. This is the difference between the perceived state (pollution or low water level) and the goal (a non-polluted lake). The papers in this issue demonstrate the utility and coherence offered by a tightly defined systems framing as a lens to investigate systems and related interventions. Its also more powerful than any leverage point weve discussed so far, because a self-organizing system can improve its rules, information flow, and feedback loops. The twelve leverage points in systems thinking can help you identify where and when you can intervene in a system. Its important to 1) find the right leverage point, and 2) push it in the right direction. Information flow is neither a parameter, nor a reinforcing or slowing loop, but a loop that delivers new information. PDF Places to Intervene in a System In this special issue, we seek to offer such reflection by bringing together a collection of research that works with the leverage points concept in a variety of ways. Open Space meetings are focused around a particular topic or purpose, but they begin without a formal agenda. First on the list of the 12 leverage points is parameters. 2013; Fazey et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02604027.2014.934639, Birney A (2021) How do we know where there is potential to intervene and leverage impact in a changing system? Leverage PointsPlaces to Intervene in a System | 145 SEVEN. They thus point the role of self, and of religion and spirituality, both as ways to prompt inner reflection, and as interventions for collective change. Certainly numerous papers here engage tangentially with questioning whose framing counts. Rules of the system (such as incentives, punishment, constraints), 4. Download PDF. Sustain Sci 15(1):161178. Working to transform systems therefore requires that we are able to navigate the impact of interventions, and their consequences (intended and unintended) within and between systems, directly and indirectly. It complements calls from many quarters for fundamental systems change (e.g.,Dovers and Handmer 1992; Fischer et al. The Global Citizen (1991). Leverage points for sustainable wool production in the Falkland Islands She is best known as lead author of the influential book The Limits to Growth and Thinking in Systems: a Primer. Leverage points are places in a system where relatively minor interventions can lead to substantial changes in certain outcomes (Meadows 1999). The idea is to enable solutions to problems that are complex and ill-structured. Strength of negative feedback loops, relative to the effect they are trying to correct against, 7. Donella Meadows: Leverage Points: Places to intervene in a system She wrote her first short story at the age of six, about a lost dog who meets animal friends on his journey home. Delays that are too long can lead to exploding oscillations, or push a system past a breaking point beyond which it cannot return (such as overfishing to extinction). Teachers can find lesson ideas and even entire lesson plans in their resources section. This collection requires us to remain critical of the boundaries and framings of the system in focus. People Nat 1(1):115120. Changing the stock-and-flow structure means changing which flows are connected to which stocks. SINGLE PAGE PROCESSED JP2 ZIP download. The author presents 12 leverage points in order of increasing effectiveness. PDF An Introduction to systems thinking - University of North Carolina at are critiqued as being too narrow in theirsystems framing to deliver fundamental systems change (e.g., Davelaar 2021). As next steps, we hope that the research and practice community can see some clarity in how they might engage with a leverage points framework, and how it might be useful to them; particularly with a broader scope of how systems are framed. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax3100, Dovers SR, Handmer JW (1992) Uncertainty, sustainability and change. Changing goals changes every item listed above: parameters, feedback loops, information and self-organization. "leverage point"--a term probably most popularized by Donella Meadows - Leverage_Points.pdf (link checked on Oct. 9, 2011) Back to text Note 2: Dictionary.com: dysfunction - noun 2. any malfunctioning part or element: the dysfunctions of the country's economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00881-z, Leventon J, Becker S, Zimmermann H, von Wehrden H (2019) Leverage Points 2019: a transdisciplinary conference, inspiring change. What properties are impacted over time, or space, or via indirect impacts? Delays set just right can dampen oscillations and introduce stability. The project engaged 20 researchers with a focus on food and energy systems; including consideration of the knowledge, the governance structures and the relationships of people to nature within these systems, and transdisciplinary case studies to ground this research in Romania (Transylvania) and Germany (Lower Saxony). Donella Meadows' leverage points (Source: based on Meadows, 1999 Required fields are marked *. Thinking in Systems: A Primer - Donella H. Meadows - Google Books If the feedback loop is too weak for the system changes, it will fail to keep the stock at its desired setpoint. The papers here further argue that fundamental transformation of a smaller-scale system is a precondition for fundamental transformation of its connected systems. It was first offered as a metaphor and heuristic framework for conceptualizing the potential of different interventions in complex systems to generate systemic change (Meadows 1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00808-8, Caniglia G, Luederitz C, von Wirth T, Fazey I, Martn-Lpez B, Hondrila K et al (2021) A pluralistic and integrated approach to action-oriented knowledge for sustainability. Using a leverage points perspective to compare social-ecological For other uses, see, 11. These twelve leverage points are just a guideline. Reinforcing feedback loops grow exponentially; left unchecked, they can cause serious, irreversible damage. Imagine a university where the teachers paid the students to attend class. In this special issue, we draw together a diverse collection of research that engages with this central idea. The car lot manager requires information about current inventory; a democracy requires information about the government for voters. The twelve leverage points to intervene in a system were proposed by Donella Meadows, a scientist and system analyst who studied environmental limits to economic growth.[1]. Likewise, human technology develops with 1) the knowledge of existing science and technology, 2) the human creativity that generates new innovations, and 3) the market forces that select for more useful innovations and reward creators. Parameters are points of lowest leverage effects. Usually changing elements in a system has little effect, except if the element can change higher leverage points, such as system goals. As Donella Meadows wrote in Thinking in Systems,If you understand the dynamics (behavior over time) of stocks and flows, you understand a good deal about the behavior of complex systems. In describing stocks and flows, Donella Meadows stated, A system stock is just what it sounds like: a store, a quantity of material or information that has built up over time. These diagrams are an important way to visualize and understand how a system of different elements is working together. The paper addresses how the imposition of values from one culture can erode values in another; a systems clash and its impact. Sustain Sci. 1. (2021) both pick up on the duality of individuals; both as systems themselves, and as actors within broader systems. Provided the release is done at low enough depth, under the thermocline, and the lake volume is big enough, the buffering capacity of the water might prevent any extinction from excess temperature. What is a leverage point for one author, is a system or an intervention for another. For example, the city council is considering building the wastewater treatment plant. They further shape how we deliver a leverage points research practice. J Rural Stud 74:2233. Creative Learning Exchange is another organization that promotes systems dynamics and systems thinking education in schools. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9062134, Schlaile MP, Urmetzer S, Ehrenberger MB, Brewer J (2020) Systems entrepreneurship: a conceptual substantiation of a novel entrepreneurial species. Sustain Sci. The highest leverage point, even beyond system paradigms, is to free yourself from fixed paradigms. Sustain Sci 16, 721726 (2021). 2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.11.008, Trger J, Reese G (2021) Talkin bout a revolution: an expert interview study exploring barriers and keys to engender change towards societal sufficiency orientation. People without information cannot make decisions to meet the system goals. inspired by thinking about leverage points, but it goes beyond the identification of concrete interventions (Fischer and Riechers 2019). Its simple, flexible approach is based on seven design principles: Events hosted using the World Caf process are broken into multiple short discussion sessions.

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